A first list of seals has been published in:
K. Vandorpe, Seals in and on the Papyri of Greco-Roman and Byzantine
Egypt, in: M.-Fr. Boussac & A. Invernizzi (edd.), Archives et Sceaux
du monde hellénistique (Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique,
Suppl. 29), Paris 1997, p. 231-291and 11 fig.
The following list contains the data of this first list of seals and
supplements it with addenda.
I. Hoards of Seals = Nos. 1-4
II. The Sealing of a Part of the Papyrus
1. The Greek Six-witness Contracts = Nos. 5-20
2. Greek Notary Contracts = Nos. 21-43
3. Greek Receipts = Nos. 44-58
4. Other Greek Double Documents = Nos. 59-64
5. Demotic Double Documents = Nos. 65-70
6. The Roman Era = No. 71
III. The Sealing of the Entire Papyrus
1. Letters = Nos. 72-185
2. The Roman Wills
3. Other Sealed Documents = Nos. 186-205
IV. "Untersiegelung" = Nos. 206-264
V. Red Stamps = Nos. 265-301
VI. Lead Seals = Nos. 302-306
VII. Seals found or preserved loose = Nos. 307
Addendum:
VIII. Seals attached to mummies = Nos. 400-409
Addendum:
Seals on Greek (-Arabic) papyri of the Arab
period
I. Hoards of Seals
- 1 — Hoard of Edfu: the hoard contains seals originally
attached to Ptolemaic papyri from the second and first centuries B.C. It
was illegally excavated and split in two halves.
A) 330 seals were acquired by the Royal Ontario Museum at Toronto:
- 68 bear Egyptian symbols and are published by Murray 1907 with
descriptions and drawings of all the types on pl. 4.
- The remaining seals show a Greek or Greco-Egyptian style and
are discussed by Milne 1916 (with pl. 4 and 5), who classifies and depicts
the seals according to their type.
- Some of them, showing portraits of Ptolemaic kings and queens,
- are published by Kyrieleis 1975, with pl. 54 (nos. 1-16), 55 (nos.
1-6; 9-14); 100 (nos. 3-7), 107 (nos. 5-7)
- and/ or are discussed by H. Maehler, Egypt under the last Ptolemies,
in BICS 30 (1983), p. 1-16, esp. p. 8-10 (Appendix: the portraits
of Ptolemy IX Soter II and Ptolemy X Alexander I), with pl. 2c and d.
B) 317 seals are now in the Allard Pierson Museum in Amsterdam and are
not yet published.
- 2 — Hoard of the Delta (Thmouis): the seals
were originally attached to papyri from the third century A.D., see Edgar
1907
- 3 — Hoard of the Fayum (Karanis): the hoard contains
almost 500 seals from the middle of the second century A.D., originally
attached to objects. The seals have been studied by Milne 1906, who lists
them according to their type; 17 photographs are added.
- 4 — Hoard of Elephantine: this hoard of seals,
kept in the museum of Berlin, is still unpublished.
- 4.add. — Seals belonging to the Zenon archive —
III B.C., Philadelphia
The seals belonging to the Zenon archive are kept in the Cairo Museum
"in a cardboard box on the upper shelf of the ‘Zenon cupboard’; they have
no separate JdE numbers", see P. Lugd.-Bat. XXI, p. 75.
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II. The Sealing of a Part of the Papyrus
Some papyri are sealed
only partly. They belong to the so-called double documents, documents
that are inscribed twice; the upper part is sealed so that the text cannot
be falsified, the lower part is left open so that it can easily be consulted.
This is a typically Greek practice, taken over for certain Egyptian documents.
1. The Greek Six-witness Contracts
2. Greek Notary Contracts
3. Greek Receipts
4. Other Greek Double Documents
5. Demotic Double Documents
6. The Roman Era
1. The Greek Six-witness Contracts
- 5 — P. Eleph. 1 = P. Eleph. in English D2 — 310 B.C., Elephantine
Seal a (bearing two impressions):
- "Eros den Bogen abschießend" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 2, no. 1].
- "Weiblicher Kopf ... Mit Halsband und Ohrring geschmückt"
[ph. ed. pr. pl. 2, no. 2].
Seal b (bearing two impressions):
- "Herakles, nackt, ... Löwenfell, dessen Kopfhaut er über
sein Haupt gezogen hat"[ph. ed. pr. pl. 2, no. 3].
- "Schild aufgehängt an einer Schlaufe. Als Schildzeichen
dient ein Helmbusch, der auf einer ... jonischen Säule sitzt" [ph.
ed. pr. pl. 2, no. 4].
Seal c (lost).
The seals belonged to the parties and the six witnesses.
- 6 — P. Eleph. 2 = P. Eleph. in English D3 [ph. ed. pr.
pl. 1; see plate] — 284 B.C., Elephantine
Seal a (bearing three impressions):
- "Kopf von vorn gesehen ... ? Alexanderporträt ... ? Apollokopf"
[ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 & 2, no. 14].
- "Frau im Chiton" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 & 2, no. 15].
- "Stehender Adler" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 & 2, no. 16].
Seal b (bearing four impressions):
- "Weibliche Maske mit Melonenfrisur" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 & 2,
no. 9].
- "Thoth als sitzender Affe mit dem Mond auf dem Haupt" [ph. ed.
pr. pl. 1 & 2, no. 10].
- "Artemis in gegürtetem Chiton, der die rechte Brust frei
läßt, der Köcher auf dem Rücken, mit beiden Händen
eine Fackel haltend" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 & 2, no. 11].
- Idem [ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 & 2, no. 12].
Seal c (bearing four impressions):
- "Weibliches Köpfchen mit ‘Melonenfrisur’" [ph. ed. pr. pl.
1 & 2, no. 5].
- "Ein Mann ... Wohl Herakles" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 & 2, no.
6].
- "Ein Mann ..., in der rechten Hand einen Krug (?), auf dem linken
Arm ein Gewand tragend ... ? der trunkene Herakles" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 &
2, no. 7].
- "Herme ... weiblich" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 & 2, no. 8].
The seals belonged to the parties (five persons) and the six witnesses
(on seal b the same seal with the representation of Artemis, was used
twice: by the heir Herakleides and his brother Bakchios).
- 7 — P. Eleph. 3 = P. Eleph. in English D5 [ph. ed.
pr. pl. 1] — 282 B.C., Elephantine
Seal a (bearing three impressions):
- "Pferdekopf" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 & 2, no. 17] .
- "Jünglingsfigur ... streckt den allein sichtbaren linken
Arm nach links aus... ? Apollo" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 & 2, no. 18].
- "... aus einer Schale trinkenden Satyrs" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 &
2, no. 19].
Seal b (bearing four impressions):
- "Behelmter bärtiger Kopf" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 2, no. 20].
- "... männlicher Kopf" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 1 & 2, no. 21].
- device unknown?
- device unknown?
The seals belonged to party no. 2 and the six witnesses.
- 8 — P. Eleph. 4 = P. Eleph. in English D4 — 283 B.C., Elephantine
Seal a (bearing three impressions):
- "Hund, der den Kopf umwendet" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 2, no. 22].
- "Jünglingskopf" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 2, no. 23].
- "Mädchenköpfchen ... ‘Melonenfrisur’" [ph. ed. pr.
pl. 2, no. 24].
Seal b (bearing three impressions):
- "Maske eines bärtigen Alten" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 2, no. 25].
- "Frau mit Zopf ... erhebt mit der rechten Hand ... eine Schale"
[ph. ed. pr. pl. 2, no. 26].
- "Männlicher Kopf ... Vielleicht der jugendliche Ptolemaios
II" [ph. ed. pl. 2, no. 27].
Seal c (bearing three impressions):
- "Sitzende Frau mit nacktem Oberkörper" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 2,
no. 28].
- "Geflügeltes Gorgoneion" [ph. ed. pr. pl. 2, no. 29].
- "Dionysoskopf mit Kranz von Efeublättern und Korymben" [ph.
ed. pr. pl. 2, no. 30].
The seals belonged to party no. 1 and her kurios, party no. 2 and the
six witnesses.
- 9 — P. Cair. Zen. II 59182 — 255 B.C., Philadelpheia
Seal a: three fragmentary seal impressions: devices unknown.
Seals b and c (lost).
The seals belonged to the parties and the six witnesses.
- 10 — P. Cair. Zen. I 59003 [ph. pap. Seider 1967-1990,
III.1 189] — 259 B.C., Birta
Seal a: head of Herakles.
Seal b: upper part of winged goddess with left hand raised, holding sceptre.
Seal c: device unknown.
Seals d, e, and f (lost).
The seals belonged to the six witnesses.
- 10.add. — P.
Mich. I 66 — 254 B.C.,
Seals are lost. The names of the two parties and the six witnesses are
preserved on the verso (in the genitive).
- 11 — P. Hamb. II 189 + BGU X 1958 — 215 B.C., Oxyrhynchos
Seal a (traces).
Seals b and c (lost).
- 12 — BGU X 1957 — 177 B.C., Arsinoite Nome
Seals a, b and c (lost).
Seals are lost. The names of two witnesses are preserved on the verso
(in the genitive).
- 13 — P.
Bad. II 2 (Seider 1967-1990, I no. 15, pl. 9] — 130 B.C., Hermonthis
Seals a, b and c (found attached to the papyrus, two or three of the
seals are now lost (There is one seal preserved in the Heidelberg collection
which may be identical with seal a. It has only one impression; see plate)).
- 14 — Pap.Lugd.Bat. XXII 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21 and 22 [ph. ed. pl. 16, 17, 28, 29, 30] —
113-105 B.C., Akoris
Seals a, b, and c (lost).
Seal a and seal b: Isis and Sarapis
(same device as no. 17) [ph. ed. pl. 29; see plate].
Seal c (lost).
The seals belonged to the notary or one of the six witnesses.
Seal a: device unknown.
Seal b (partly preserved): device unknown.
Seal c (lost).
The seals belonged to the two parties and the six witnesses.
Seal a (the seal is now lost): Isis and Sarapis (same device as no.
15).
The seals belonged to the notary or one of the six witnesses.
- 18 — P. Tebt. I 104,
105, 106
and 109
— 103/92 B.C., Tebtynis
Seals a and b: device unknown.
- 19 — UPZ I 125 (see Pap.Lugd.Bat. XXII, 178, n. 7) — 89
B.C., Memphis
Seals a and b (the seals are now lost): devices unknown; each seal had
probably three imprints.
- 20 — SB
V 7532 (see Youtie 1981, 81 and n. 11) — 74 B.C., Neilopolis
Seals a and b: no device.
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(II. The
Sealing of a Part of the Papyrus:)
2. Greek Notary Contracts
For the sake of convenience
private contracts drawn up by Greek notaries are classified under the
double documents, although these contracts are not really double documents:
they are never written down fully in duplicate as are common double documents,
but only a short summary is scribbled down and sealed to the left of the
original contract. It was doubtless an official declaration by the notary
that the transaction has been registered; the summary is an excerpt from
his register. The notary's certificate was sealed with only one clay seal,
with just one impression. The following list contains notary contracts from
Thebes and from Krokodilpolis and Pathyris.
Thebes
Krokodilopolis and Pathyris
Thebes
- 21 — PSI IX 1016 — 129 B.C., Thebes
Seal: probably no device.
The seal belonged to the notary Herakleides.
- 22 — P. Stras. II 81 — 115 B.C., Thebes
Seal: no device (seal has been pressed with fingertips).
The seal belonged to the notary Apollonios.
- 23 — PSI IX 1018 — 110 B.C., Thebes
Seal: male head, bearded, with head covering (same as No. 24 and 25).
The seal belonged to the notary Apollonios.
- 24 — PSI IX 1022 — 106 B.C., Thebes
Seal (impression upside down with respect to the Greek text): male head,
bearded, with head covering (same as No. 23 and 25) [ph. Pestman 1993, 327;
see plate].
The seal belonged to the notary Apollonios.
- 25 — UPZ II 181 (see Pestman 1993, 62) — 105 B.C., Thebes
Seal: male head, bearded, with head covering (same as No. 23 and 24)
[ph. Pestman 1993, 326].
The seal belonged to the notary Apollonios.
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Krokodilopolis and Pathyris
- 26 — P. Lond. VII 2191 [ph. pap. JEA,
55 (1969), 129-160, pl. 30] — 116 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: no device (see Pestman 1985, 25 (no. 36) and 35).
The seal belonged to the notary Heliodoros.
- 27 — P. Lond. III 1204 [ph. ed. pl. 5]
— 113 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: female face, to left.
The seal belonged to Ammonios, deputy of the notary Heliodoros.
- 28 — P. Adl. 3 — 112 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: device unknown.
The seal belonged to Ammonios, deputy of the notary Heliodoros.
- 29 — P. Stras. II 86 — 111 B.C.,
Pathyris
Seal (was partly preserved, now lost): "Kopfhinterteil, Haarflechten,
Locken, Kopfschmuck od. dgl.".
The seal belonged to Ammonios, deputy of the notary Sosos.
- 30 — P. Adl. 5 — 108 B.C., Krokodilopolis
Seal: profile of a female head.
The seal belonged to the deputy Paniskos and the notary Sosos.
- 31 — P. Adl. 9 (see commentary ad P. Adl. 3)
— 104 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: device unknown.
The seal belonged to the notary Hermias I on behalf of Paniskos.
- 32 — P. Adl. 12 — 101 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: profile of a man, with horn and diadem (probably Alexander) (same
as No. 36).
The seal belonged to the notary Hermias I on behalf of Paniskos, notary
of Krokodilopolis.
- 33 — P. Adl. 13 [ph. ed. pl. 4] —
100 B.C., Krokodilopolis
Seal: device unknown.
The seal belonged to the notary Paniskos.
- 34 — P. Köln I 50 [ph. ed. pl. 1]
— 99 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: head with diadem (probably Alexander).
The seal belonged to the notary Hermias I on behalf of Paniskos, notary
of Krokodilopolis.
- 35 — P. Lips. 2 — 99 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: device unknown.
The seal belonged to the notary Hermias I on behalf of Paniskos, notary
of Krokodilopolis.
- 36 — P. Lond. III 1207 [ph. ed. pl. 9]
— 99 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: head to right, with horn and diadem (probably Alexander) (same
as No. 32).
The seal belonged to the notary Hermias I on behalf of Paniskos, notary
of Krokodilopolis.
- 37 — P. Lond. III 1206 [ph. ed. pl. 8]
— 99 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: no device (see Pestman 1985, 27 no. 98a, 35).
The seal belonged to the notary Hermias I on behalf of Paniskos, notary
of Krokodilopolis.
- 38 — P. Stras. II 89 — 99 B.C.,
Pathyris
Seal: head to right, with head covering or crown (same as No. 42).
The seal belonged to the notary Hermias I on behalf of Paniskos, notary
of Krokodilopolis.
- 39 — BGU III 999 — 99 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: Sarapis and Isis (see P. Eleph., 17).
The seal belonged to the notary Hermias I on behalf of Paniskos, notary
of Krokodilopolis.
- 40 — P. Adl. 11 — 98 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: head to right, with horn and diadem (probably Alexander).
The seal belonged to the notary Ammonios on behalf of Paniskos, notary
of Krokodilopolis.
- 41 — P. Adl. 21 [ph. ed. pl. 5] —
98 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: head to right, with horn and diadem (probably Alexander).
The seal belonged to the notary Ammonios on behalf of Paniskos, notary
of Krokodilopolis.
- 42 — P. Lond. III 1208 [ph. ed. pl. 10]
— 97 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: head to right, with head covering or crown (same as No. 38).
The seal belonged to the notary Ammonios.
- 43 — P. Lond. III 1209 [ph. ed. pl. 11]
— 89 B.C., Pathyris
Seal: a three-quarter or full length figure facing to the right, towards
an object (flower?).
The seal belonged to the notary Hermias II.
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(II. The
Sealing of a Part of the Papyrus:)
3. Greek Receipts
Several receipts from
Philadelpheia, drawn up ca. 250 B.C., have come down to us with their
seals. They all belong to the well-known archive of Zenon. In the cases
where Egyptians are involved, the receipt was often not only written twice
in Greek, but also once in demotic, presumably so that the Egyptian workmen
would understand what had been written down. The upper Greek version was
considered the scriptura interior and, therefore, sealed.
Besides the texts of the Zenon archive, there are some bank receipts on
which seals have been preserved, originating from the Fayum,
from Thebes and from Memphis.
- 44 — Pap.Lugd.Bat.
XX 1 (= P. Cair. Zen. I 59094) [ph. pap. Pap.Lugd.Bat. XX, pl. 1;
P. Cair. Zen. I, pl. 22] — 257 B.C., Philadelpheia
Receipt written thrice: twice in Greek, once in demotic (one Greek version
is sealed).
Seal a: object resembling a palmette.
Seal b: a pointed curving object.
Seal c (broken): bearded head.
Two seals belonged to the two officials, who acknowledge that they have
received taxes from an Egyptian; the third seal probably belonged to the
Egyptian tax payer.
- 45 — Pap.Lugd.Bat.
XX 3 (= PSI IV 336) [ph. pap. P. Lugd.-Bat. XX, pl. 3] —
257 B.C., Philadelpheia
Receipt written thrice: twice in Greek, once in demotic (one Greek version
is sealed).
Seals a, b, and c: device unknown.
The seals belonged to the three Egyptian workmen, who acknowledge that
they have received their salary.
Receipt written thrice: twice in Greek, once in demotic (one Greek version
is sealed).
Seal:
The god Ptah squatting to left on a basket; above his knees an indistinct
cartouche, perhaps Men-kheper-Re.
The seal belonged to the Egyptian workman, who acknowledges that he has
received his salary.
- 47 — Pap.Lugd.Bat.
XX 6 (= P. Col. Zen. I 26) [ph. pap. Pap.Lugd.Bat. XX, pl. 7]
— 257 B.C., Philadelpheia
Receipt written thrice: twice in Greek, once in demotic (one Greek version
is sealed).
Seal (three-quarters of the clay seal
remain): device unknown.
The seal belonged to the Egyptian workman, who acknowledges that he has
received his salary.
- 48 — Pap.Lugd.Bat.
XX 11 (= P. Cair. Zen. I 59111) [ph. pap. Pap.Lugd.Bat. XX, pl. 11;
P. Cair. Zen. I, pl. 22] — 257 B.C., Philadelpheia
Receipt written thrice: twice in Greek, once in demotic (one Greek version
is sealed).
Seal: female figure looking to right.
The seal belonged to the Greek, who acknowledges that he has received
salary for ten of his employees.
- 49 — P. Cair. Zen. I 59117 [ph. pap. P. Cair.
Zen. I, pl. 22] — 256 B.C., Philadelpheia
Receipt written twice in Greek.
Seal: human figure.
The seal belonged to the Egyptian workman, who acknowledges that he has
received his salary.
- 50 — P. Cair. Zen. I 59119 [ph. pap. P. Cair.
Zen. I, pl. 22] — 256 B.C., Philadelpheia
Receipt written twice in Greek.
Seal: animal (panther?).
The seal belonged to the Greek, who acknowledges that he has received
his salary.
- 51 — P. Lond. VII 1959 — 256 B.C.,
Philadelpheia
Receipt written twice in Greek.
Seal: no device.
The seal belonged to the Greek, who acknowledges that he has received
his salary.
- 51.add. — P.
Col. Zen. I 24 — 256 B.C., Philadelpheia
Receipt written twice in Greek.
Seal: a ram's head?.
The seal belonged to the Egyptian workman, who acknowledges that he
has received his salary.
- 52 — Pap.Lugd.Bat. XX 12 (= P.
Col. Zen. I 40 = scr. interior + P. Cair. Zen. IV 59670 = scr. exterior)
— 254 B.C., Philadelpheia
Receipt written thrice: twice in Greek, once in demotic (scr. interior,
which is sealed = one Greek version + demotic version).
Seal (partly preserved): device unknown.
The seal belonged to one of the two Greek officials, who acknowledges
that he has received taxes from an Egyptian.
- 53 — PSI IV 379 — 249/248 B.C.,
Philadelpheia [ph. pap. M. Norsa, Papiri greci delle collezioni italiane.
Scritture documentarie dal III secolo a.C. al secolo VIII d.C., Roma
1946, pl. 5]
Receipt written twice in Greek.
Seal: device unknown.
The seal belonged to the Greek, who acknowledges that he has received
taxes from an Egyptian.
- 53.add. — P. Hawara Gr. 7c [Ph. ed. pl. 4]
— 245 B.C., Bank at Krokodilopolis (Fayum)
Receipt written twice in Greek
Seal a and b: no device (the scriptura interior was found tied
en sealed).
<The seals probably belonged to the Greek, who acknowledges that he
has received taxes from an Egyptian, and the Egyptian himself.
- 54 — P. Oriental Chicago inv. 2526 (To be published
in G.R. Hughes, R. Jasnow & J. Keenan, The Oriental Institute Hawara
Papyri (Oriental Institute Publications), Chicago 1995) —
245 B.C., Bank at Krokodilopolis (Fayum)
Seal a and b: no device (the scriptura interior was found tied
en sealed).
The seals probably belonged to the Greek, who acknowledges that he has
received taxes from an Egyptian, and the Egyptian himself.
- 54.add. — SB XVI 12342 (cf. BICS 29
(1982), 14) [ph. pap. BICS pl. 1] — 239 B.C., Bank at
Krokodilopolis (Fayum)
Seal a and b: no device.
The seals probably belonged to the Greek, who acknowledges that he has
received taxes from an Egyptian woman, and the woman herself.
- 55 — SB XVI 12344 (cf. BICS, 29 (1982),
15) [ph. pap. BICS pl. 1] — 236 B.C., office of the
tax collector at Hawara
Seal a: profile of a human head.
Seal b: The Egyptian sign for life (ªn_h
-sign).
The seals belonged to a, the Greek, who acknowledges that he has
received taxes from an Egyptian woman, and b, the Egyptian woman
(called ?Hr-ªn_h , "The face
lives"), who has paid the taxes.
- 55.add. — SB XVIII 13314 (cf. BICS 32
(1985), 45-46) [ph. seal BICS pl. 3] — ? 235 B.C., office
of the tax collector at Hawara
Seal: ÇIt shows a male profile facing right and is purely Greek
in style (...) the seal is perfectly preserved but the imprint is incomplete
and most of the hair and the chin and neck cannot been seen. It would
be a reasonable assumption that the portrait on the seal was of the reigning
monarch. The absence of a diadem may be due to the incomplete imprint (...)
The shape of the forehead, the very large and protruding eyes, the pointed
nose and the small and slightly receding chin all point to Euergetes rather
than Philadelphus (...).Ȫ
- 56 — P. Haun. I 11 [ph. ed. pl. 3 and 8]
— 158 B.C., Bank at Thebes
Seal: male head of king with diadem, without loop, hooked nose, projecting
chin (Alexander or Ptolemaios I ?).
The seal probably belonged to the the Greek banker.
- 57 — UPZ I 114.1 — 150/148 B.C.,
Bank at Memphis
Seal a: Athena Parthenos, with helmet (I owe the identification to prof.
M.-Fr. Boussac) [ph. Stud. Pal. XIV, pl. 2, see plate].
Seal b: Apollo (I owe the identification to prof. M.-Fr. Boussac; see
also Boussac, Sceaux de Délos (1992), pl. 34 Ap 589-675.) [ph. Stud. Pal. XIV, pl. 2; see plate].
Seal c: device unknown [ph. Stud. Pal. XIV, pl. 2].
The seals belonged to the three Greek persons who were present when the
receipt was drawn up: a deputy of the banker Herakleides, the assistant
Chrysippos and the payer Zois (see No. 58).
- 58 — UPZ I 114.2 — 150/148 B.C.,
Bank at Memphis
Seal a and c (traces).
Seals b: Apollo (same as No. 57 seal b, from the same person) [ph. Stud.
Pal. XIV, pl. 3]
The seals belonged to the three Greek persons who were present when the
receipt was drawn up: a deputy of the banker Herakleides, the assistant
Chrysippos and the payer Zois (see No. 57).
- 58.add. — P. Berl. Gr. 21673 ined. [Ph. Ägyptisches
Museum Berlin no. 1128] — II-I B.C. (?93 B.C.), Fayum
The text is probably a Greek receipt (Ibid.: "Vermutlich handelt es
sich um Weizenlieferungen").
Two seals: device unknown; the scriptura interior is still sealed.
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(II. The
Sealing of a Part of the Papyrus:)
4. Other Greek Double Documents
Seal: no device.
The seal belonged to a Greek, the petitioner.
- 60 — P. Mich. Zen. 37 (Order for payment) — 254
B.C. ?, Philadelpheia
Seal: no device.
The seal belonged to the Egyptian Petosiris, writer of the order (see
No. 61).
Seal: Egyptian figures: mummified figure, cartouche, goddess Maat ?
The seal belonged to the Egyptian Petosiris, writer of the order (see
No. 60).
- 62 — P. Cair. Zen. I 59133 (Royal oath) — 256
B.C., Philadelpheia
Seals a and b: device unknown.
The seals probably belonged to two of the five brickmakers who swore the
oath.
- 63 — P. Lond. VII 1980 + 1981 (Petition) — 254 B.C.,
Ammonias
Seal: device unknown or no device.
The seal probably belonged to an Egyptian, one of the 150 petitioners,
all agricultural workers.
- 64 — P. Eleph. 23 (Royal oath) — 223/222 B.C., Apollonopolis
(Elephantine)
Seal: Isis and Sarapis [ph. ed. pl. 2, no. 32].
The seal belonged to the Greek who swore the oath.
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(II. The
Sealing of a Part of the Papyrus:)
5. Demotic Double Documents
The practice of writing a document twice and sealing the
scriptura interior was typically Greek. The Egyptians, however, had taken
over this practice for some of their contracts, especially for oaths and
acknowledgements of debts. On the latter type, a few seals have been preserved.
- 65 — P. Münch. dem. inv. 1 ined. (Acknowledgement
of debt) (see WZKM, 25 (1911), 312) — 278 B.C., ?
Seal: Uraeus serpent.
- 66 — ZÄS, 54 (1918), p. 111-114 (Acknowledgement
of indebtedness) [ph. ed. pl. 4] — 268 B.C., ?
Seal: device unknown.
- 67 — P. Cairo II 31225 (Acknowledgement of debt)
[ph. ed. pl. 130] — 231-229 B.C., Tebtynis
Seal: device unknown.
- 68 — P. Cairo II 31227 (Acknowledgement of debt) [ph. ed.
pl. 131] — 224 B.C., Tebtynis
Seal: device unknown.
- 69 — P. dem. BM inv. 10425 (Acknowledgement of debt)
(ed.: Pap.Lugd.Bat. XVII 12) [ph. ed. pl. 6-7; ZÄS 54 (1918),
pl. 4] — 201 B.C., Thebes-Koptos
Seal: no device. (For the date, see Pestman, Haronnophris (1995))
- 70 — P. dem. BM inv. 10831 (Acknowledgement of debt) (ed.:
P. BM dem. Andrews 19) [ph. ed. pl. 46; Quirke & Spencer 1992, 122]
— 199 B.C., Thebes
Seal: Egyptian device. (For the date, see Pestman, Haronnophris
(1995))
Back to top
(II. The
Sealing of a Part of the Papyrus:)
6. The Roman Era
In Roman times double documents are rare and are certainly
not a continuation of the Ptolemaic double documents. There are the diptycha,
two wax tablets, on the first of which the scriptura interior was written,
protected by the second tablet. On the upper part of the latter, the scriptura
exterior and the signatures of the seven witnesses, who sealed the diptychon,
were recorded. This system was adapted for papyrus: the papyrus was folded,
with the scriptura interior inside, and sealed. The outside of the papyrus
holds the scriptura exterior, as well as the signatures of usually seven
witnesses and their seals. These documents are called diplomata.
- 71 — BGU II 2061 — 207-208 A.D., Alexandreia
Back to top
III. The Sealing of the Entire Papyrus
Comparatively many seals have survived on double documents,
for the good reason that they were never loosened. The seal remained in
its original place until it was discovered in the 19th or 20th century.
This is not the case when the whole document was sealed, as happened with
letters or wills, because they were opened once in the past and the seals
in most cases lost.
1. Letters
Letters with clay seals:
Greek Letters
Letters with clay seals:
Demotic Letters
Letters with clay seals: Clay seals
on Coptic (and Arabic) letters
Letters with the Saltire
Pattern or Cross
Letters with an Elaborated
Pattern : Greek letters
Letters with an Elaborated
Pattern : Coptic Letters
Letters with clay seals: Greek Letters
- 72 — P. Cair. Zen. III 59392 —
III B.C.
Seal (the letter was still sealed): human bust to front.
The seal belonged to the Greek sender (business letter).
Seal:
device unknown.
The seal belonged to one of the two Greek senders (business letter).
- 74 - P. Cair. Zen. I 59027 [ph. ed. pl. 9] - 258 B.C.
Seal: Athena Promachos, with shield and spear (found loose inside the
letter).
The seal belonged to the Greek sender (business letter).
- 75 - P. Cair. Zen. I 59057 [ph. ed. pl. 16] - 257 B.C.
Seal (the letter was tied up and fastened with a small lump of clay,
not the original seal)
The seal belonged to the Greek addressee, who gave the letter to Zenon,
or Zenon who finally received the letter and filed it (business letter).
Seal:
device unknown.
The seal belonged to the Greek sender (business letter).
Seal:
device unknown.
The seal belonged to the oikonomos of the Arsinoite Nome (official letter).
- 78 - P. Lond. VII 1935 - 257 B.C.
Seal (now disintegrated): no device.
The seal belonged to the Greek sender (business letter).
- 79 - P. Lond. VII 1937 - 257 B.C.
Seal (fragment): device unknown.
The seal belonged to the Greek sender (business letter).
- 80 - P. Lond. VII 1946 - 257 B.C.
Seal (fragments remain): device unknown.
The seal belonged to the Greek sender (business letter).
Seal
(traces of elliptical seal): device unknown.
The seal belonged to the dioiketes of Egypt (business letter from the
chancellery of the dioiketes).
- 82 - P. Lond. VII 1983 - 252 B.C.
Seal: youthful male head, resembling the seal on No. 8a.
The seal belonged to the Greek sender (business letter).
- 83 - P. Lond. VII 1998 - 250 B.C.
Seal: probably no device.
The seal belonged to the Greek sender (business letter).
- 83.add. - P.
Col. IV 122 - 181 B.C.
Seal: "Beautiful seal representing a male head, perhaps Lysimachos
himself".
The seal belonged to the Greek sender (official letter): Lysimachos,
high financial official.
- 84 - P.
Bad. IV 47 - 127 B.C., Qarara
Seal (now probably lost): "Kopf mit breitem Haarband, dessen 2 Enden
links herunterhängen".
The seal belonged to the Greek sender (official letter).
- 85 - SB XVIII 13226 (see AfP, 5 (1913), 384, no.
76) - I B.C.
Seal: device unknown.
The seal belonged to the Greek sender (private letter).
- 86 - SB VI 9467 - 261 A.D.
Seal: device unknown.
Seal: device unknown.
Back to top
Letters with clay seals: Demotic Letters
- 88 - P. Louvre dem. inv. E 10596 (ined.) - II B.C., Pathyris
Seal: no device (only fingerprint) [see plate].
The seal belonged to the Egyptian sender (private letter).
- 89-91 - P. BM dem. inv. 10076A-C (ined.)
Seal on 10076A: Egyptian device.
Seal on 10076B: Hellenistic device.
Seal on 10076C: no device.
The seal belonged to the Egyptian sender (private letter).
- 92 - P. Ashm. dem. inv. 37 with seal 1968.28A (ined.) -
?, Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal: device unknown.
Back to top
Letters with clay seals: Clay
seals on Coptic (and Arabic) letters
- 92.add. - PERF 4-15 - VIII-IX A.D.
Twelve Coptic and Arabic papyrus letters with clay seals, see PERF,
p. 4.
Back to top
Letters with the Saltire Pattern or Cross
Type A1
Type A2
(Representative list of examples: I owe most of the references to F. Ribbens,
student at the K.U.Leuven)
- 93 - BGU II 423 - II A.D. - 2x Saltire pattern type A2
[ph. see BL Konkordanz, 20]
- 94 - BGU II 424 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 95 - BGU II 530 - I A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 96 - BGU II 601 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 97 - BGU IV 1081 - II-III A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 98 - CPR V 19 - I-II A.D. - Saltire pattern type A2 [ph.
ed. pl. 18. There is a dark spot on the saltire pattern]
- 99 - P. Amh. II 133 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 100 - P. Amh. II 134 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 101 - P.
Col. VIII 216 - ca. 100 A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 102 - P.
Col. VIII 225 - II A.D. - 2 x Saltire pattern type A1
- 103 - P. Fay. 115 - 101 A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 104 - P. Fay. 117 - 108 A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 105 - P. Fay. 131 — III-IV A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 106 - P. Freib. IV 56 - I-II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 107 - P. Freib. IV 64 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 108 - P. Giss. Univ. III 22 - III A.D. ? - Saltire pattern
type A1 [ph. ed. pl. 2]
- 109 - P. Giss. Univ. III 27 - III A.D. ? - Saltire pattern
type A1
- 110 - P. Haun. II 16 - II-III A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 111 - P. Haun. II 17 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 112 - P. Haun. II 18 - III A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 113 - P. Haun. II 33 - II A.D. - 3 x Saltire pattern type
A1
- 114 - P. Mert. II 80 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 115 - P. Mert. II 82 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 116 - P. Mert. II 83 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 116.add. - P.
Mich. III 220 - 196 A.D. - Saltire pattern type A2
- 116.add. - P.
Mich. XII 657 - 175-225 A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 117 - P. Oxy. XLIII 3094 ? 217-218 A.D. ? Saltire pattern
type A1
- 118 - P. Oxy. LI 3642 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
?
- 119 - P. Oxy. LI 3644 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 120 - P. Oxy. LIX 3988 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 121 - P. Oxy. LIX 3989 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A2
- 122 - P. Oxy. LIX 3991 - II-III A.D. ? Saltire pattern
type A1 ?
- 123 - P. Oxy. LIX 3992 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 124 - P. Sarap. 83 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type A2
- 125 - P. Sarap. 92 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 126 - P. Sarap. 94 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 127 - PSI XIII 1331 - III A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 128 - P. Wisc. II 71 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A2
- 129 - SB VI 9134 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type A2
- 130 - SB XIV 11429 - III A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 131 - SB XIV 11584 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 132 - SB XIV 11644 - I-II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 133 - SB XIV 11645 - I A.D. - 2 x Saltire pattern type
A1
- 134 - SB XIV 11646 - III A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 135 - SB XIV 11665 - III A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 136 - SB XIV 11901 - III A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 137 - SB XIV 12011 - II-III A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A2
- 138 - SB XIV 12024 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 139 - SB XIV 12090 - II-III A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 140 - SB XIV 12107 - III A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 141 - SB XVI 12326 - III A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
?
- 142 - SB XVI 12570 - II-III A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 143 - SB XVI 12589 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
- 144 - SB XVI 12594 - III A.D. - Saltire pattern type A2
- 145 - SB XVI 12766 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type A1
[ph. Anagennesis, 3 (1983), pl. 5b]
- 146 - SB XVIII 13590 - I-II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A2
- 147 - SB XVIII 13592 - II A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
- 148 - SB XVIII 13613 - III A.D. - Saltire pattern type
A1
Back to top
Letters with an Elaborated Pattern : Greek letters
(Representative list of examples: I owe many references to F. Ribbens)
- 149 ? CPR VI 84 ? IV A.D. ? Double pattern type B2 [ph.
ed. pl. 37]
- 150 ? CPR VII 59 ? V-VI A.D. ? Double pattern type C2
[ph. ed. pl. 39]
- 150.add. ? CPR XIV 50 ? VII A.D. ? Single pattern type
C1: The editor describes it as a saltire pattern of four crosses in a double
row. It concerns, however, a pattern of type C1 (see p. 243): the lines of
the ‘crosses’ meet when they are prolonged [ph. ed. pl. 42]
- 151 ? P. Ant. I 43 ? End III-IV AD ? Pattern type B1 or
2
- 152 ? P.
Heid. IV 333 ? V A.D. ? Double pattern type D [ph. ed. pl. 24]
- 153 ? P. Mert. I 46 ? VI A.D. ? Double pattern type C2
?
- 154 ? P. Neph. 01 ? IV A.D. ? Double pattern type C1 [ph.
ed. pl. 31]
- 155 ? P. Neph. 09 ? IV A.D. ? Double pattern type C1 [ph.
ed. pl. 30]
- 156 ? P. Neph. 10 ? IV A.D. ? Double pattern type C2 [ph.
ed. pl. 31; see plate]
- 157 ? P. Neph. 11 ? IV A.D. ? Single pattern type C2 [ph.
ed. pl. 30]
- 158 ? P. Neph. 12 ? IV A.D. ? Double pattern type B1 [ph.
ed. pl. 29]
- 159 ? P. Oxy. XLVIII 3396 ? IV A.D. ? 3x Double pattern
type B2, C2 and B2 [ph. ed. pl. 6]
- 160 ? P. Oxy. XLVIII 3400 ? 359/365 A.D. ? Double pattern
type B2
- 161 ? P. Oxy. XLVIII 3408 ? IV A.D. ? Double pattern type
C1 [ph. ed. pl. 6]
- 162 ? P. Oxy. XLVIII 3409 ? IV A.D. ? Double pattern type
C1
- 163 ? P. Oxy. XLVIII 3420 ? IV A.D. ? Double pattern type
C2
- 164 ? P. Oxy. LV 3816 ? III-IV A.D. ? Double pattern type
B1 and C1 [ph. ed. pl. 3]
- 165 ? P. Oxy. LIX 3997 ? III-IV A.D. ? Pattern type ?
- 166 ? P. Oxy. LIX 3998 ? IV A.D. ? 2x pattern type ?
- 167 ? P. Oxy. LIX 3999 ? IV A.D. ? Double pattern type
?
- 168 ? P. Oxy. LIX 4002 ? IV-V A.D. ? Pattern type ?
- 169 ? P. Oxy. LIX 4005 ? VI A.D. ? Double pattern type
?
- 170 ? P. Oxy. LIX 4007 ? VI-VII A.D. ? Pattern type B1
- 171 ? P. Oxy. LIX 4008 ? VI-VII A.D. ? Pattern type ?
- 171.add. ? P. Rainer Cent. 126 ? VI A.D. ? Single pattern
type C2 [ph. pap. ed. pl. 97]
- 172 ? P. Vind. Worp 23 ? VI-VII A.D. ? Double pattern
type C2 [ph. pap. ed. pl. 23b]
- 173 ? P. Wash. Univ. I 43 ? VI A.D. ? Pattern type B1
- 174 ? SB VIII 9746 ? IV A.D. ? Double pattern type B1
- 175 ? SB XIV 11437 ? IV-V A.D. ? Double pattern type B2
- 176 ? SB XIV 11588 ? IV A.D. ? Double pattern type B2
(see ZPE, 22 (1976), 63s.)
- 177 ? SB XVI 12572 ? V-VI A.D. ? Pattern type C2
- 178 ? SB XVI 12573 ? VI A.D. ? Double pattern type C1
or 2 [ph. ZPE, 33 (1979), pl. 15]
- 179 ? SB XVIII 13593 ? III-IV A.D. ? Double pattern type
B1
- 180 ? SB XVIII 13598 ? VI-VII A.D. ? Double pattern type
D
- 181 ? SB XVIII 13946 ? IV A.D. ? Double pattern type C1
Back to top
Letters with an Elaborated Pattern : Coptic Letters
- 182 ? P. Coptic Epiphanes 131 and 198 ? Pattern type D
[ph. ed. pl. 3]
- 183 ? P. Coptic Epiphanes 133, 164, 184, 198, 253, 311,
447, 463, 493 ? Pattern type D
- 184 ? P. Coptic Tanta inv. 4058 (Enchoria, 18 (1991),
23) ? Pattern type D [ph. ed. pl. 7]
- 185 ? Coptic Manuscripts from the Fayyum ? Pattern type
D [ph. ed. pl. 3]
Back to top
(III.
The Sealing of the Entire Papyrus:)
3. Other Sealed Documents
Oracle letters
Demotic Agreements
Regulations of a Cult Guild
Reports by Priests
Varia
Oracle letters
- 186-192 - 7 demotic oracle letters P. Michaelides A-G (ed.
of A-D: FuB, 14 (1972), 85-90) - All of the same day, II-I B.C.,
Hermopolis
1 seal on each letter:
- device on 3 seals: "ein ªn_h
-Zeichen und ein senkrechtes an die n_hb -Pflanze erinnerndes Zeichen" [pl.
9].
- device on 4 remaining seals: device unknown; they probably have
the same device as the three above-mentioned seals.
- 193 - Greek oracle letter ZPE 111 (1996), p. 183-185
[pl. VI] - III B.C., Tebtynis
Seal: device not recognisable.
- 193.add. - Two Greek oracle letters ined. (Information
provided by J.-L. Fournet, see D. Valbelle & G. Husson, Les questions
oraculaires d'Égypte: histoire de la recherche, nouveautés
et perspectives,in W. Clarysse e.a.(edd.), Egyptian Religion.
The Last Thousand Years. Studies dedicated to the memory of J. Quaegebeur(OLA
84), Leuven 1998, II, p. 1067 and n. 31) - Tebtynis
The oracle letters were found rolled up and sealed
- 194 - Demotic oracle letter with seal Ashm. 1968.22A (ined.)
- ?, Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal: device unknown
- 195 - Demotic oracle letter P. Ashm. dem. inv. 40 with
seal 1968.31A (ined.) - ?, Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal: Hellenistic device, head to right with diadem.
- 196 - Demotic oracle letter P. Ashm. dem. inv. 41 with
seal 1968.32A (ined.) - ?, Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal: Hellenistic device, two full length figures.
- 197-199 - Three demotic oracle letters P. Ashm. dem. inv.
42-44 with seal 1968.33A-35A (ined.) - ?, Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal: device unknown.
Back to top
Demotic Agreements
- 200 - P. Tor. Botti 18 [pl. 23] - 112 B.C.
Seal: device unknown.
- 201 - P. Ashm. dem. inv. 32 with seal Ashm. 1968.23A (ined.)
- ?, Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal: device unknown.
Back to top
Regulations
of a Cult Guild
- 202 - P. Berlin inv. 3115 (ed.: see Pestman 1993, 61) -
109-106 B.C., Thebes
Seals a, b and c: inscription "The royal scribe Amenothes".
Seal of the cult guild of choachytae, a kind of funerary priests.
Back to top
Reports
by Priests
- 203a-b - P. Ashm. dem. inv. 38-39 with seals Ashm. 1968.29A-30A
(ined.) - ?, Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal 1968.29A: Egyptian device.
Seal 1968.30A: device unknown.
- 204 - P. Dodgson (ed.: RdE38 (1987), 3-11) - Ptolemaic
era, Elephantine
Seal (now lost): Egyptian device: "symbol of a forearm and hand holding
an incense-cup or vase" (cf. PSBA, 31 (1909), 100-109, 289-291).
Back to top
Varia
- 205 - P. Stras. 79 - 16-15 B.C., Syene
The papyrus is tied up in a special way, see the edition
Seal a (of wax): no device.
Seals b, c (lost).
- 205.add. - P. Mon. gr. III 148 descr. - II A.D., ?
Seal (the papyrus was found sealed): head of a man or god.
- 205.add. - P.
Col. Zen. II 72 (Petition) - 255-250 B.C., Philadelphia
Back to top
IV. "Untersiegelung"
Orders for Arrest
Custom house Receipts
Orders
for Arrest
Seal: bust of an emperor (?), surrounded by the inscription oJ strathgov" se kal(ei~) ("the strategos summons
you").
- 207 - P. Gen. inv. 102 (cf. AfP, 3 (1906), 226-231)
- I A.D., ?
Seal: inscription in three lines, uncial, oJ
stra-Ú thgov" se Ú kalei~ ("the strategos summons
you").
Back to top
Custom house
Receipts
- 208 - BGU III 764 - 166 A.D., Karanis
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis: Apis bull with a moon on his side
and an altar before him; text mentioning the regnal year and the titles
of the emperors: [(e[tou") . ] ÆAntwnªivnou kai; Oujhvrou tw~ºn kurivwn
[Facs. ed.; see plate].
- 209 - BGU III 765 - 166 A.D. ?, Karanis
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis: Apis bull (the same seal as the
previous one).
- 210 - BGU III 803 - II/ III A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: portrait of the emperors Severus and Caracalla,
surrounded by a legend with inter alia the regnal year ((e[tou") ...); between the two emperors stands Soknopai" ("Soknopais") [Facs. ed.; see plate].
- 211 - BGU XI 2104 - II A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: bust of an emperor "Vielleicht ist ein ganz
kurzer Backenbart angedeutet; das Haar ist mit feinen, kurzen, geraden
Strichen angegeben, auch an den Schläfen; die Augenbraue ist stark
und gewölbt, das Auge ziemlich groß, das Ohr groß und rund
mit deutlicher Vertiefung in der Mitte; vom Nasenflügel verläuft
eine kleine Falte zum Mundwinkel; der Mund scheint leicht geöffnet.
Auf der linken Schulter ist ein Gewand angedeutet, vielleicht das paludamentum
(frühe Darstellung Hadrians ?)". The text has the regnal year (3), "the
gate of Soknopaiu Nesos" and the name of the tax ((e[tou") g puv(lh") Seknªep(aivou)º (sic) Nhvsou rv kªaºi; nv).
- 212 - BGU XIII 2324 - 130 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax (traces).
- 213 - P. Aberd. 40a - 178/179 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis (part of the seal is preserved).
- 214 - P. Berol. inv. 9200 (ed.: Sijpesteijn 1987, 150 no.
206) [ph. ed. pl. 3] - 148 A.D., ?
Seal for tax: device unknown.
- 215 - P. Cair. Preis. 25 - II-III A.D., Bakchias
Seal for tax 1 and 2%: device unknown.
- 216 - P. Fay. 167 descr. (ed.: Sijpesteijn 1987, 163 no.
356) [ph. ed. pl. 8; see plate] - 211 A.D., Bakchias
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis: device unknown.
- 217 - P. Fay. 172 descr. (ed.: Sijpesteijn 1987, 176 no.
494) [ph. ed. pl. 16] - II-III A.D., Bakchias
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis: device unknown.
- 218 - P. Grenf. II 50 f1 - 211 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2% (partly preserved): portraits of two emperors,
probably M. Aurelius and Commodus, enclosed by a legend of which is discernible
"gate of Soknopaiu Nesos" (Soknopºaivoªuº
Nªhvsou, cf. JJP, 16/17 (1971), 139 n.8).
- 219 - P. Grenf. II 50 f2 - 211 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2% (partly preserved): same as the previous seal.
- 220 - P. Lond. II 469a (p. 85) - 133 A.D., Philadelpheia
For the date, see Sijpesteijn, Customs Duties (1987), 108 no.
141
Seal for tax of desert guarding: "profile of a face to right, with some
very light traces of an inscription, of which the letter "l" alone is legible".
- 221 - P. Lond. III 1265a (p. 36) - 83 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax: "the upper part of the field has a small head, facing
to right, with (e[tou") and b ["regnal year 2"] on either side of it. In the
lower part is an inscription with the title of the emperor, of which the
letters ªAujtºokravtorªo" Ú
ªKaivsºaro" Ú ªDomitºianªou~ remain".
- 222 - P. Lond. III 1265b (p. 36) - 83 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis: device unknown.
- 223 - P. Lond. III 1266a (p. 38) - 182 or 214 A.D., Soknopaiu
Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2% (remains): device unknown.
- 224 - P. Lond. III 1266b (p. 38) - 180 or 212 A.D., Soknopaiu
Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2% (attached to the back of the receipt): device
unknown.
- 225 - P. Lond. III 1266c (p. 38) - 183 or 215 A.D., Soknopaiu
Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: small head, facing to the right, surrounded
by an inscription with the regnal year and "gate of Soknopaiu Nesos" ((e[tou") kg puvlh" Soknªopaivou Nhvsºou).
- 226 - P. Lond. III 1266d (p. 39) - 181 or 213 A.D., Soknopaiu
Nesos
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis: Apis (?) bull; the legend is broken
off.
- 227 - P. Lond. III 1266f (p. 39) - II-III A.D., Soknopaiu
Nesos
Seal for tax of desert guarding: youthful head in profile, turned to
right; the inscription is lost, except for the letter k (of Soknopaivou Nhvsou
or ejrhmofulakiva).
- 228 - P. Louvre inv. 10430 (Sijpesteijn 1987, 159 no. 316)
[ph. ed. pl. 6] - 191 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis: device unknown.
- 229 - P. Oxy. XII 1439 - 70 A.D., (Small ?) Oasis
Seal for tax of 1%: device unknown.
- 230 - P. Stras. II 124 - II A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis: crocodile head, representing the
god of Soknopaiu Nesos.
- 231 - P. Stras. IV 250g - 166 A.D., Philadelpheia
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: "buste drapé d'un personnage frisé
et barbu regardant à droite (d'un travail très fin) et les
traces d'une seconde figure symmétrique. De la légende circulaire,
restent quelques lettres dont un p derrière
la nuque de l'empereur représenté."
- 232 - P. Stras. IV 250h - 126 A.D., Philadelpheia
Seal for tax of desert guarding (traces).
- 233 - P. Stras. IV 250i - 126 A.D., Philadelpheia
Seal for tax of 1 %: portrait of Hadrian and legend ("gate of Philadelpheia");
"restes écrasés d'une tête à droite et la légende
puv(lh") Filadelªfiva"º qui part
de derrière la nuque de l'empereur Hadrien".
Seal
for tax of 1 and 2%: portrait of an emperor, facing right, and bearded
(? M. Aurelius).
Seal for tax of desert guarding (part of the seal
preserved, on the back): device unknown.
- 236 - SB
V 7818 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 1) [ph. ibid. pl. 13] - 184 or 216 A.D.,
Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis (partly preserved): Apis bull, standing
right.
- 237 - SB V 7819 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 2) - 184 or 216 A.D.,
Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: head facing right.
- 238 - SB V 7820 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 3) [ph. ibid. pl. 13]
- 184 or 216 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: "head facing right. Of the inscription little
remains. An outer line reads º. Aujr.ª;
an inner rv kaªi; nv [name of the
emperor and name of the tax]".
- 239 - SB
V 7821 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 4) - ?, Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax (of ? harbour of Memphis): "upper right field: a head of
? Caracalla, laureate; in lower half an Apis bull standing right and inscription
ºno"ª ".
- 240 - SB
V 7822 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 5) - ?, Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis (partly preserved): gray clay seal
(originally 2.5 cm in diameter) showing "bust of a bearded figure facing
right in the upper left (? Septimius Severus; the missing upper right part
of the seal probably contained a similar bust of Caracalla facing left);
in the centre below an Apis bull standing right. The inscrition running
around the edge reads dºia; puvlh" Soknopaªivoºu
(e[tou") id Louªk(ivou) Sept(imivou) Seouhvrouº kai; M Aujr(hlivou)
ÆAntwnivnªou ["gate of Soknopaiu Nesos" and names of
the emperors]".
- 241 - SB V 7823 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 6) - III A.D., Soknopaiu
Nesos
Seal for tax (partly preserved): "two laureate busts, facing right,
probably of Septimius Severus with Caracalla (or Geta) behind, and facing
them was originally a bust of Geta (Caracalla); of the inscription remains
pºuvlh" Sokªnopaivou ["gate of Soknopaiu
Nesos"]".
- 242 - SB V 7824 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 7) [ph. ibid. pl. 13]
- 198/ 209 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: "two busts facing, the one on the left bearded,
that on the right beardless; they are almost certainly Severus and Caracalla.
On the upper margin may be read the letters ªLouk(ivou)
Sept(imivou) Seouºhvrou ªkºai; M Aujªr(hlivou) ÆAntwnivnouº
[names of the emperors]. Written vertically from top to bottom beween the
two busts is the word Soknopaivªou?º ["Soknopaiu"]".
- 243 - SB V 7825 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 8) - 206/ 207 A.D.,
Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: "bust of Septimius Severus facing right, with
the bust of one of his sons behind him also facing right and that of the
other son confronting him, facing left; the group is surrounded by an inscription
in two rows, of which the inner reads ªrvº
kai; nv puvlh" ª ºosas_ª [name of the tax and "gate
of ?"]; and the outer (e[tou") ie Lªouk(ivou)
Septiºm(ivou) Seuhvrou k. Mavr(kou)
Aujr(hlivou) ÆAntªwºnivnou ª º Gevªta [names
of the Emperors]; the letters º Gevª at
the end of this line are placed so that they seem part of the inner inscription,
possibly because there was no room for them in the outer".
- 244 - SB
V 7826 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 9) - ?, Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax: magenta-gray seal (1.9 cm in diameter) showing "two busts
facing, the left bearded (Septimius Severus and Caracalla). Around the edge
the letters º ... Aujr(hlivou) ÆAntªwnivnou
[names of the emperors]. Vertically between the two busts Soknopaivo_ªuº ["Soknopaiu"]".
- 245 - SB
V 7827 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 10) - ?, Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2% (partly preserved): "indistinct traces of two
busts facing each other and part of a marginal inscription reading Nºhvsou ["Soknopaiu Nesos"]".
- 246 - SB V 7828 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 11) [ph. ibid. pl. 13]
- 210 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis: "two laureate busts on the left
facing another on the right, while below them is a figure which is hard to
identify (? an Apis bull). The busts are those of Severus, Caracalla and
Geta. The inscription was in two rows, but the outer is illegible and of
the inner only the following remains ºok..ª.
Perhaps this should be restored rv kai; nv puvlh"
Sºoknoªpaivou [name of the tax and "gate of Soknopaiu
Nesos"]".
- 247 - SB V 7829 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 12) - ?, Soknopaiu
Nesos
Seal for tax of harbour of Memphis: "two laureate busts facing, and
below an Apis bull standing right, with a moon between the horns and possibly
an altar in front. The busts are apparently those of Severus and Caracalla.
The inscription has been completely lost, since the edges of the seal are
broken away".
- 248 - SB V 7830 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 13) [ph. ibid. pl. 13]
- ? Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: "two laureate busts facing, and between them,
written vertically, the word Soknopai~o"
["Soknopaios"]. The busts represent Severus and Caracalla. Of the marginal
inscription all that can be seen is ºh_r_ou
....ª, or ºh_s_ou ....ª [names
of the emperors or "Nesos"]".
- 249 - SB V 7831 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 14) [ph. ibid. pl. 13]
- ?, Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax: "the lower part is missing, but above two laureate busts,
facing, and between them written vertically the letters: Sokn ["Sokn"]. The marginal inscription shows: º kai; Mª . The emperors represented
are Severus and Caracalla".
- 250 - SB V 7832 (cf. Boak 1935 no. 15) - ?, Soknopaiu
Nesos
Seal for tax: "of the same type as the [Boak 1935] No. 14, although
the left is almost completely destroyed. Of the marginal inscription all
that can be read is: ÆAnªtwnivnou
[name(s) of the emperor(s)]".
- 251 - SB
VI 9233 (cf. TAPA, 82 (1951), 164-165) - II-III A.D., Soknopaiu
Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: no device.
- 252 - SB
VI 9234 (cf. TAPA, 82 (1951), 165-167) - A.D. 212, Karanis
Seal for tax of the guard on the desert road: "two heads both facing
to the right, one on the left and one in the centre of the seal. The one
which occupies the centre is bearded. At the top of the seal is the inscription,
in 2 lines, ejrhmoªfºulakªivaº
["tax of the guard on the desert road"]. Below on the left are three letters
from a word that has been almost entirely broken away; the last letter
is certainly a n [ ªKºarªaºnªivdo"º
?]. To the right of these letters and below the bearded figure is another
object, shaped somewhat like a boot".
- 253 - SB VIII 9767 (cf. JJP, 13 (1961), 43) - II-III
A.D., Bakchias
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: device unknown.
- 254 - SB XII 10907 (cf. JJP, 16/17 (1971), 133)
- 120 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 %: portrait of ?Hadrian: "laureate head turned to
the right, enclosed by an inscription running around the edge of which only
the letters e[ºtou"ª behind the
neck of the emperor survived. Some indistinct signs below the head seem to
indicate that the legend consisted of two parts: the marginal text and another
on the exergue".
- 255 - SB XII 10908 (cf. JJP, 16/17 (1971), 134)
-120 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 %: portrait of ? Hadrian (same as the previous seal).
- 256 - SB XII 10910 (cf. JJP, 16/17 (1971), 134)
- 133 A.D., Philadelpheia
Seal for tax of 1 %: "the upper part of the field has a small, laureate
head of Hadrian, turned to the right with (e[tou")
and iª on either side of it [regnal
year 10+x]. In the lower part is an inscription which reads ÔAdrianoªu~ Ú Kaivsaroª" Ú
tºou~ kurivoªu Ú puv(lh") Filad(elfeiva") [name of
the emperor and "gate of Philadelpheia"]".
- 257 - SB XII 10912 (cf. JJP, 16/17 (1971), 136)
- 183 or 215 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: "head turned to the right; the inscription,
in two rows running around the edge reads (e[tou")
kb ÆAntªwnivnou ["regnal year 22 of Antoninus"] in the
outer line and pªuvlºh" Sªoknopaivou
["gate of Soknopaiu"] in the inner one. The head may be attributed to Caracalla".
- 258 - SB XII 10913 (cf. JJP, 16/17 (1971), 136)
- 185 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of 1 and 2%: "a part of the male head turned to the right,
surrounded by an inscription, probably in two rows, of which the letters
ºpaª of the inner one remain (puvlh" Soknoºpaªivou ?) ["gate of Soknopaiu"]".
- 259 - SB XII 10914 (cf. JJP, 16/17 (1971), 137)
- 147 A.D., Karanis (For the date, see Sijpesteijn, Customs Duties (1987),
112 no. 203)
Seal for tax of desert guarding: "head in laurel wreath turmed to right
(Antoninus Pius). The inscription running around the edge is lost, except
for some letters which read ºdo" ª ºofulª
º (Karanivºdo", not enough
space for ? ejrhmºofulªakiva) (["Karanis"
and ? name of the tax]".
- 260 - SB XII 10915 (cf. JJP, 16/17 (1971), 138)
- 154 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos (For the date, see Sijpesteijn, Customs
Duties (1987), 112 no. 221)
Seal for tax of desert guarding: device unknown.
- 261 - SB XII 10916 (cf. JJP, 16/17 (1971), 138)
- II-III A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of desert guarding: "beardless head in laurel wreath turned
to the right. The circular legend, partly obliterated, begins behind the
neck of an emperor and reads Soknopªaivouº
["Soknopaiu"]".
- 262 - SB XII 10917 (cf. JJP, 16/17 (1971), 139)
- 180/ 181 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos (For the date, see Sijpesteijn, Customs
Duties (1987), 116 no. 276)
Seal for tax: portrait of ? M. Aurelius and Commodus: "two busts facing
each other; the on one the left is smaller and beardless, that on the
right, bearded, is only partly preserved. The busts were enclosed by a
legend in two rows of which only the left part is preserved. The inscription
reads (e[tou") i_. ÆAntwnªivnou kai;
Kommovdou ...º Kaisavrªwn ... [regnal year 10 + x and
names of the emperors]. The order of the busts seems to be reversed, the
elder emperor should be on the left. The busts are probably these of M.
Aurelius and Commodus".
- 263 - Stud. Pal. XXII 12 - 149 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of desert guarding: no portrait; text ª(e[tou")º iaª Ú ªÆAºntwnivnou
Ú ªkai;º SAROSTOªU ?º (regnal year 11 and name of the emperor).
- 264 - Stud. Pal. XXII 13 - 149 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Seal for tax of harbour Memphis (traces).
Back to top
V. Red Stamps
- 265 - P. Ashm. dem. 3 (Demotic deed with Greek subscription
of registration) - 116/115 B.C., demotic deed: Hawara; Greek subscription:?
Three red stamps on verso: round stamps; they consist of a rosette with
in the middle the regnal year [ph. ed. pl. 2].
- 266 - Pap.Lugd.Bat. XXII 11 (= P. Rein. I 18) (Petition)
- 108 B.C., Hermopolite Nome
Red stamp on the recto, in the upper left corner (on first two lines
of the text) [ph. ed. pl. 14].
- 266.add. - P. Hawara dem. 16a (Demotic deed with Greek
subscription of registration) [ph. ed. pl. 21] - 92 B.C., grafeion of
Ptolemais Euergetis (place of registration)
Four stamps (of round shape) on the verso beneath the demotic witness
list. In my view, the stamps have in the centre the regnal year (in Greek),
in mirror image: Year 22 (= 93/92 B.C.).
- 266.add. - P. Hawara dem. 17a (Demotic deed with Greek
subscription of registration) [ph. ed. pl. 23] - 92 B.C., grafeion of
Ptolemais Euergetis (place of registration)
Four stamps on the verso beneath the demotic witness list. In my view,
the stamps have in the centre the regnal year (in Greek): Year 22 (= 93/92
B.C.).
- 266.add. - P. Hawara dem. 17b (Demotic deed with Greek
subscription of registration) [ph. ed. pl. 24] - 92 B.C., grafeion of
Ptolemais Euergetis (place of registration)
Three stamps on the verso above the demotic witness list.
- 266.add. - BGU XVIII 2731 (Petition) - 87/86 B.C., Herakleopolite
Nome
Red stamp (diameter of 4 cm) on the recto, in the upper left corner
(on first two lines of the text). The stamp probably has the regnal year
(year 31 = 87/86 B.C.).
- 266.add. - P. Hawara dem. 21a+b (Demotic deeds of conveyance
and cession with Greek subscription of registration) [ph. ed. pl. 28] -
83 B.C., grafeion of Ptolemais Euergetis (place of registration)
Eleven stamps (having the shape of a parallelogram) on the verso beneath
the demotic witness list. In my view, the stamps have in the centre the
regnal year (in Greek): Year 34 (= 84/83 B.C.).
- 267 - Pap.Lugd.Bat. XXV 21 (Bank receipt for tax on sale)
- 78 B.C., Ptolemais Euergetis
Red stamp on the verso: round stamp having the name of the king (Ptolemaivou, followed by a hook, perhaps a space
filler, "(year 3 of) Ptolemaios") with in the middle the regnal year (year
3) [ph. ed. pl. 17; see plate].
- 268 - P. Ashm. dem. 14 + 15 (Demotic deed with Greek subscriptions
of registration, cf. Pap.Lugd.Bat. XXV, 113 n. 2) - 72/ 71 B.C., grafeion
of Ptolemais Euergetis (place of registration) (and not Hawara, see Pap.Lugd.Bat.
XXV 21)
Red stamps on the verso: reproduced several times; the stamps consist
of a rosette with in the middle the regnal year (year 10) [ph. ed. pl.
9].
- 269-270 - P. Ashm. dem. 24 and 25 (Bank receipts for tax
on sale) (cf. Pap.Lugd.Bat. XV, no. 21) - 71 B.C. ?, Ptolemais Euergetis
(and not Hawara, see Pap.Lugd.Bat. XXV, p. 114)
Red stamp on the verso: round stamp having the name of the king (Ptolemaios)
with in the middle the regnal year.
- 270.add. - P. dem. Hawara 23 (Demotic deed of cession with
Greek subscriptions of registration) [ph. ed. pl. 30] - 67 B.C., grafeion
of Ptolemais Euergetis (place of registration)
Stamp (having the shape of a parallelogram) on the verso beneath the
demotic witness list. In my view, the stamp has in the centre the regnal
year (in Greek): Year 15 (= 67/66 B.C.).
- 271-282 - BGU VIII 1813-1815, 1821, 1824, 1833, 1835, 1841,
1843, 1846, 1850, 1853, 1857, 1863, 1886; (cf. BGU VIII, p. 4) (Petitions)
- 62-60, 56-50 B.C., Herakleopolite Nome
Red stamps on the recto: rectangular or oval; some have the regnal year.
- 283 - Papyrus at Univ. College, London (cf. P. Ryl. IV,
p. 85) - Ptolemaic era, Fayum
Red stamp on the verso: round stamp with in the circle the name of the
king (Ptolemaivou, "(year 30) of Ptolemaios")
and in the middle (?) the regnal year (year 30); below the stamp black
ink traces.
- 284 - Papyri mentioned in CdE13 (1938), 151 (Contracts)
- Ptolemaic era, ?
Red stamp(s) on the verso.
- 285 - P. Ryl. IV 601 (Lease contract ) - 26 B.C., Greek
subscription: Ptolemais Euergetis
Two red stamps on the verso (one across the cut edge of the papyrus):
"double parallelogram, with lozenge in centre containing a figure. Lettering
inside the border of parallel lines, only one side of which can be made
out. It appears to read nomavrco(u) ["of
the nomarch"]" [ph. ed. pl. 4].
- 285.add. - P.
Teb. II 587 (Bank receipt for taxes on sale) - 16 or 6 B.C. or AD5,
Ptolemais Euergetis
Red stamp
on the verso, having the shape of a parallelogram.
- 286 - P. Amst. I 41 (cf. ZPE14 (1974), 145-162)
(Lease contract) - 9/ 8 B.C., Ptolemais Euergetis
Three red stamps on the verso (one on the back of each of the three
columns): round stamps; Kaivsaro" ("of Kaisar")
legible.
- 287 - BGU I, p. 192 (Original stamping object) - 5/6 A.D.,
?
Red stamp of white limestone, showing traces of red ink: round stamp
with in the circle the regnal year and Kaivsaro"
("year 35 of Kaisar"); in the middle gr(afei~on)
"record office" [facs. Deissmann 1897, 71; see plate].
- 287.add. - P.
Duke inv.no. 7 (Loan contract) - 5/6 A.D., Ptolemais Euergetis
Red
circular stamp with in the circle the regnal year of Augustus: Kais is legible ("?year ?35 of Kaisar"); the middle
part is damaged.
- 287.add. - BGU XI 2047 (Repayment of a loan) - 8 A.D.,
Ptolemais Euergetis
Traces of a red stamp on the verso.
- 287.add. - P. Bingen 60 (Parachoresis of catoicic land
with three registrations) [ph. ed. pl. 33] - 45 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos (registration
in Ptolemais Euergetis?)
One red stamp on the verso: round stamp with two circles; the outer
circle has Tiberivou Klaudivou Kaivsaro" Sebastou~;
the inner circle continues with Germanikou~ Aujtokravtoro".
- 287.add. - P.
Teb. II 350 (Bank receipt for taxes on sale) - 70-71 A.D., Ptolemais
Euergetis
Part
of a circular red stamp on the verso.
- 287.add. - P.
Mich. IX 554 (Division of inherited property, inter alia catoicic
land, with registration) - 81-94 A.D., Ptolemais Euergetis
- 287.add. - BGU XI 2095 (Sale Contract) - 83 A.D., Soknopaiu
Nesos; the sale is declared to the bibliophylakes of Ptolemais Euergetis
Traces of a red stamp on the verso.
- 288 - CPR I 1 (Sale contract) - 83/ 84 A.D., Fayum
Two red stamps on the verso: round stamps; ªAujtºokrªavtoro"º
("of Autokrator") and Domªitianou~º
("Domitianus") are legible; below the stamp there is written "I,
NN, have marked".
- 289 - BGU I 183 (Contract) - 84/85 A.D., Soknopaiu Nesos
Two red stamps on the verso: round stamps with text in spiral, having
the regnal year and Aujtokravtoro" Kaivsaro" Domitianou~
Sebastou~ Germanikou~ ("year 4 of Autokrator Kaisar Domitianus
Sebastus Germanicus"); below the stamps traces of text.
- 289.add. - P.
Mich. X 585 (Loan contract with right of habitation) - 87 A.D., Bacchias
Red
stamp on the verso: "badly rubbed and damaged. Iy consisted of two
concentric circles, and in the outer circle Domitªianou~
Sebasªou~ can still be read. The legend surrounds a central
device which is too faint to be legible, although the scanty remnants suggest
gr(afeivou)".
- 289.add. - P.
Mich. IX 569 (Contract concerning repayment of a debt) - 92 A.D.,
Ptolemais Euergetis
Traces of a circular red
stamp on the verso.
- 290 - CPR I 170 (Contract) - 97/117 A.D., Fayum
Red stamp on the verso (partly preserved): round stamps with two circles;
the outer circle has the regnal year (now lost) and Aujtºokravtoro" Kaivsaro" Nªerouva Traianou~
("year -- of Autokrator Kaisar Nerva Traianus"); the inner circle
continues with Sebasºtou~ Germanikou~ ("Sebastus
Germanicus"); it is not clear what is in the middle.
- 290.add. - BGU III 856 (Contract) - 106 A.D., Fayum (Psenyris)
Red stamp on the lower part of the verso.
- 290.add. - BGU XI 2050 (Contract; sale of catoicic land)
- 107 A.D., Fayum
Red stamp on the verso.
- 291 - CPR I 11 (Contract) -108 A.D., Ptolemais Euergetis
Red stamp on the verso: round stamp with two circles; the outer circle
has the regnal year and Aujtokravtoro" Kaivsaro"
Nerouva Traianou~ ("year 12 of Autokrator Kaisar Nerva Traianus");
the inner circle continues with Sebastou~ Germanikou~
Dakikou~ ("Sebastus Germanicus Dacicus"); in the middle: bust of
the emperor; below the stamp there is written "I, NN, have marked" [ph.
p. 38; see plate].
- 291.add. - SPP IV, p. 116-117 = P. Fay. 260 (Loan contract)
- 108-109 A.D., Aphrodite Bernike (Herakleides meris)
Traces of a red stamp on the verso.
- 292 - P. Ryl. II 174 (Repayment of a loan) -112 A.D.,
Ptolemais Euergetis
Red stamp on the verso: round stamp with two circles; the outer circle
has the regnal year and Aujtokravtoro" Kaivsaro"
Nerouva ("year 16 of Autokrator Kaisar Nerva"); the inner circle
continues with Traianou~ Sebastou~ Germanikou~ Dakikou~
("Traianus Sebastus Germanicus Dacicus"); in the centre a representation of
the head and shoulders of the emperor.
- 292.add. - P. Laur. III 72 (Lease contract) - 108-138 A.D.,
Ptolemais Euergetis
Traces of a red stamp on the verso.
- 292.add. - P. Lond. II 297b (p. 110; see also p. XXVIII)
(Bank receipt for taxes on sale) - 119 A.D., ?Ptolemais Euergetis
Part of a red official stamp on the verso.
- 293 - P.
Mich. XI 625 (Bank receipt for taxes on sale) - 121 A.D., Ptolemais
Euergetis
Red
stamp on the verso: round stamp with two circles; the outer circle
has the regnal year and Aujtokravtoro" Kaivsaro"
Traianou~ ("year 5 of Autokrator Kaisar Traianus"); the inner circle
continues with ÔAdrianou~ Sebastou~ ("Hadrianus
Sebastus"); it is not clear what is in the middle. "Year 5 of Hadrian,
A.D. 120/121; the old year's stamp was still being used in the first month
of year 6, till a new stamp could be obtained".
- 294 - P. Lond. II 298 (p. 206; see also p. XXVIII) (Contract
or receipt) -124 A.D., Ptolemais Euergetis
Red stamp on the verso: round stamp with two circles; the outer circle
has the regnal year and Aªujºtokravtoro"
Kaivsaro" Traianou~ ("year 8 of Autokrator Kaisar Traianus"); the
inner circle continues with ÔAdrianou~ Sebastou~
("Hadrianus Sebastus"); in the middle gr(afei~on)
"record office" (cf. AfP, 3 (1903), 244).
- 295 - CPR VI 1 (Will) - 125 A.D., Ptolemais Euergetis
Three red stamps on the verso: round stamps with two circles; the outer
circle has the regnal year and Aujtokravtoro" Kaivsaro"
Traiaªnou~º ("year 9 of Autokrator Kaisar Traianus"); the
inner circle continues with ªÔAdrºianou~
Sebastou~ ("Hadrianus Sebastus"); it is not clear what is in the
middle.
- 295.add. - BGU XV 2481 (Sale Contract) - 138-161 A.D.,
Fayum
One red stamp on the verso, circular in form.
- 296 - P. Vind. Tand. 26 (Sale contract) - 143 A.D., Soknopaiu
Nesos
Two red stamps on the verso (damaged).
- 297 - P. Vind. Worp 10 (Loan contract) - 143/144 A.D.,
Soknopaiu Nesos?
Red stamp on the verso (damaged).
- 298 - BGU II 445 (Repayment of part of a loan) - 148/149
A.D., Ptolemais Drumos (repayment through the bank at Ptolemais Eiergetis)
Red stamp on the verso (damaged).
- 298.add. - P. Lips. 142 (verso) (Bank receipt for taxes
on sale) [ph. ed. pl. XXb] - 148 A.D., Ptolemais Euergetis
Traces of two concentric circles of a red stamp.
- 298.add. - BGU XI 2043 (Loan contract) - 150 A.D., Soknopaiou
Nesos
Red stamp on the verso.
- 298.add. - P.
Teb. II 580 (Bank receipt for taxes on sale) - 155 A.D., Ptolemais
Euergetis
- 298.add. - PSI VIII 961 (Lease contract) - 176-178 A.D.,
Ptolemais Euergetis
Two documents "col katacwrismov" del
grapheion, incollati l'uno all'altro".
- 299 - Pap.Lugd.Bat. XI 12 (Loan contract) - 184 A.D.,
Ptolemais Euergetis
Red stamp on the verso: round stamp with two circles; in the middle:
bust of the emperor.
- 299.add. - SB VI 9619 (Receipt) - 184 A.D., Ptolemais Euergetis
Red stamp on the verso?
- 299.add. - SB VI 9618 (Sale contract of catoicic land)
- 192 A.D., Ptolemais Euergetis
Red stamp on the verso?
- 300 - P. Freib. II 10 (= SB III 6293) (Contract) - 195/196
A.D., [Ptolemais Euergetis]
Four red stamps on the verso: they contain inter alia the bust
of the emperor.
- 300.add. - P.
Teb. II 397 (Homologia: settlement of claims) - 198 A.D., Ptolemais
Euergetis
On the verso "two impressions
in red of a seal measuring 9cm in diameter, with portrait heads of Severus
and Caracalla(?) surrounded by the inscription (e[tou") ß L(oukivou) Sep(timivou) Seouhvr(ou) Per(tivnako")
Seb(astou~) *Ara(bikou~) *Ad'iabhnikou~)".
- 300.add. - BGU III 859 (Contract) - IInd cent. A.D., ?
On the verso "verwischter" red stamp.
- 300.add. - BGU XI 2052 (Contract: sale of catoicic land)
- IInd cent. A.D., ?Herakleia (mention is made of a bank in Ptolemais Euergetis)
Traces of a red stamp on the verso.
- 300.add. - CPR VII 33 (Marriage contract) - IInd cent.
A.D., ?
Red stamp on the verso.
- 300.add. - SB XVI 12.289 (see ed.pr. AfP 27 (1980), p.
54-57) (Contract) - 309 A.D., Ptolemais Euergetis
Two concentric red stamps on the verso.
- 301 - BGU III 748 (Bank receipts) - ?, Fayum
Red stamp on the verso of two receipts; below the stamp there is written
"I, NN, have marked".
- 301.add. - P.CtYBR
inv.no.1280(B) - ?, ?
Traces of red stamp
with two concentric circles.
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VI. Lead Seals
(Except for the addenda, I owe the references to dr. R. Haensch)
Lead seals of the Imperial
postal services from Alexandria
Lead seals used to secure the cord
with which the labels were fastened to the mummy
Lead seals of the Imperial
postal services from Alexandria
- 302 - ASFN, 14 (1890), 236-237 (cf. Rev. Num.,
6ser. (1983), 25) - II A.D., originally from Alexandreia
Seal: "un plomb du IIe siècle qui avait servi à sceller
un sac envoyé par le fisc d'Alexandrie".
- 303 - Turcan 1987, 17, no. 2 - 101-102 A.D., Rome, originally
from Alexandreia
Seal: -upper side "AUTKAI_ª .... º;
dans le champ à droite: (e[tou") e ["regnal
year 5"] sous une Victoire qui s'avance à droite en tenant une
couronne. Buste lauré de Trajan à droite." -underside "empreinte
de bois. Rainure longitudinale à l'emplacement du passage du fil,
où le plomb a craqué."
"Ce plomb devait sceller une caisse de la poste impériale venue
d'Alexandrie, comme en témoigne le sigle chronologique."
- 304 - Turcan 1987, 18, no. 3 - 104-105 A.D., "Lyon dans
la Saône", originally from Alexandreia
Seal: -upper side "Traianou~ Kuªrºivou
Dakikou~; dans le champ à droite: (e[tou") h ["regnal year 8"]. Buste lauré
et drapé de Trajan à droite; deux rainures presque parallèles
sillonnent l'effigie, l'une de la bouche à la nuque, l'autre en
travers du cou." -underside "empreinte de tissu (fils croisés).
Enflure longitudinale, là où passait le fil."
"Comme le précédent, il scellait un envoi du service impérial
venu d'Alexandrie."
- 305 - Turcan 1987, 18, no. 4 - 139-140 A.D., originally
from Alexandreia
Seal: -upper side "Buste drapé, barbu, radié d'un empereur
(Antonin le Pieux ?) à droite, face à un oiseau haut sur
pattes, peut-être le Phénix." -underside "Calotte hémisphérique
(traversée diamétralement par un fil)."
"Quelle que soit l'origine archéologique de ce sceau, il a dû
être estampillé à Alexandrie vers 139-140."
- 306 - Turcan 1987, 18, no. 5 - 138-161 A.D., Rome, originally
from ? Alexandreia
Seal (damaged): -upper side "WB (numéro
d'envoi ?) à droite de l'effigie. Tête radiée d'Antonin
le Pieux à droite." -underside "Empreinte de tissu (toile grossière)."
"..., ce plomb devait sceller un envoi venu d'Orient."
- 307 - Turcan 1987, 19, no. 6 - 161-169 A.D., Rome, originally
from ? Alexandreia
Seal: -upper side "W (numéro d'envoi
?) au-dessus des deux effigies. Bustes drapés et affrontés
de Marc-Aurèle et de Lucius Vérus." -underside "Empreinte
de bois."
"... origine gréco-orientale. Il s'agissait apparemment d'une série
de caisses."
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Lead seals used to secure the
cord with which the labels were fastened to the mummy
For 307.2 and 307.3, seeBASP 32 (1995), p. 158 en n. 5:
- 307.add. - Oriental Institute Museum 14820 - Roman period,
Medinet Habu
Seal: "An impression on lead measuring 2.9 x 1.6 x 0.7 bearing traces
of the design of a human head"
- 307.add. - Oriental Institute Museum 14821 - Roman period,
Medinet Habu
Seal: "An impression on lead measuring 1.1 x 0.7 x 2.3 bearing a partial
impression of a seal depicting a lion"
The backs of both of these lead sealings bear the imprint of the mummy-cloth
and indicate that these sealings come from the looping of two cords.
307.add. - "Schuzen with lead seal (nicklaufig???)"
- Berlin, Staatliche Museen Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Ägyptisches
Museum und Papyrussammlung 11097 - lead - H: 2.5 cm; W: 1.5 cm - Text: FANE
AC
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VII. Seals found or preserved loose, originally
attached to papyri
See also the hoards of seals
- 307-313 - Ashm. 1968.66A-H (ined.) - Ptolemaic era, ? Soknopaiu
Nesos
Seals: Egyptian devices.
- 308 - Metropolitan Museum of Art inv. 10.130.1563 (ined.)
- ca. 250 B.C., Memphis
Seal: Egyptian device (hieroglyphs; seal of high priest of Memphis).
Back to top
VIII. Seals attached to mummies
For lead seals attached to mummies, see Lead seals
The following seals are clay seals [I owe the references to I.
Uytterhoeven]:
- 400 - Clay Seal - London, Petrie Museum UC 19341 - W.M.F.
Petrie - Roman - W.M.F. Petrie, Roman Portraits and Memphis (IV),
London, 1911, pl. XXV, 14.
- 401 - Three clay sealings over a string tying the crossbands
of a mummy wrapping together - London, Petrie Museum UC 28074 - 1.5 x 1.5
x 1.2 cm to 2.5 x 3 x 1.6 cm - W.M.F. Petrie - Roman - W.M.F. Petrie,
The Funeral Furniture of Egypt, 1937, p. 19, 381-383 - "Seated
gryphon with paw on wheel".
- 402 - Clay sealing over a string tying the crossbands of
a mummy wrapping together - London, Petrie Museum UC 28075 - 2 x 2.5 x
1.4 cm - W.M.F. Petrie - Roman - W.M.F. Petrie, The Funeral Furniture
of Egypt, 1937, p. 19, 380 - "Bust of Isis?"
- 403 - Clay sealing over a string tying the crossbands of
a mummy wrapping together - London, Petrie Museum UC 28076 - 3 x
3 x 1.6 cm - W.M.F. Petrie - Roman - W.M.F. Petrie, The Funeral Furniture
of Egypt, 1937, p. 19, 384 - "Seated sphinx"? (now undecipherable)
- 404 - String with clay seal - Berlin, Staatliche Museen
Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung
11407 (since 1893, bought from R. Von Kaufmann) - "Hercules strangling the
lion".
- 405 - Clay seal with two impressions - Berlin, Staatliche
Museen Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung
11408 (since 1893, bought from R. Von Kaufmann) - "Von der Mumie der Aline
und ihre Kinder" - Egyptian king's head.
- 406 - Clay seal with two impressions - Berlin, Staatliche
Museen Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung
11409 (since 1893, bought from R. Von Kaufmann) - "Von der Mumie
der Aline und ihre Kinder" - Female head(?) on one impression.
- 407 - Clay seal with two impressions - Berlin, Staatliche
Museen Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung
11410 (since 1893, bought from R. Von Kaufmann) - "Von der Mumie der Aline
und ihre Kinder" - King's head(?)
- 408 - Fragment of linen with seal (?) - London, Petrie
Museum UC 28366ii - Roman - W.M.F. Petrie - W.M.F. Petrie, Hawara, Biahmu
and Arsinoe, 1889, pl. XVI, 6
