GREEK NOTARY CONTRACTS (16)
See also List of seals Nos. 21-43
For the sake of convenience private contracts drawn up
by Greek notaries are classified under the double documents, although these
contracts are not really double documents: they are never written down
fully in duplicate as are common double documents, but only a short summary
is scribbled down and sealed to the left of the original contract. It was
doubtless, as Wolff (17) has proposed, rather a Katagraphe-certificate,
that is an official declaration by the notary that the transaction has
been registered; the so-called scriptura interior is an excerpt from his
register. The notary's certificate was sealed with only one clay seal,
with just one impression. The seal was without any doubt that of the notary
himself, since it concerns a declaration by him and since several such
notary contracts, belonging to different owners, display the same seal-impression
(18).
Figure 4: The scriptura interior of a notary contract visible (left) and sealed (right).
Three Ptolemaic double contracts from Thebes (19), for instance, written down by the Greek notary (agoranomos) Apollonios, have the same seal impression, as Pestman has indicated (20): the head of a bearded man with a head covering (see Plate). The seal on a fourth contract, being some years older and drawn up by the same Apollonios, bears no impression, but has been pressed with the fingertips [see List No. 22].
Further examples are to be found in the southern Egyptian towns of Krokodilopolis and Pathyris. The former town had a Greek notary office from 141 B.C. onwards; the office in Pathyris, attested for the first time in 136 B.C., was a branch of that in Krokodilopolis (21). The seals of 18 double contracts have been preserved. According to the descriptions of the seals in the editions, two seals were primarily used by the notary-deputies Hermias I and Ammonios: one is described as a female profile with a helmet (22), the other as a male head with diadem and horn (probably Alexander) (23). A seal with the representation of Sarapis and Isis was used at least once by the above-mentioned Hermias I. The last notary of Pathyris, Hermias II, used still another seal, with the image of a female figure facing right, towards an object (a flower ?) (24).
The seals on the oldest notary contracts (until ca. 115
B.C.), however, do not seem to have an impression [see List
Nos. 21, 22, 26]. Only the fingerprints of the sealer can sometimes
be seen [see List No. 22]. Furthermore, at least one notary contract of
a later date (99 B.C.), P. Lond. III 1206, does not have an impression
in the seal [see List No. 37]. This curiosity is easy to explain. P. Lond.
III 1206 is a temporary version of the contract. The seal on the final
contract, P. Köln I 50, on the other hand, does have an impression
[see List No. 34].